Definition

Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)

Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) is a common, long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

DVT is when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of your leg or arm. Sometimes, the blood clot in your arm or leg can causes damage to the veins. PTS is the term for all the symptoms associated with this vein damage.

Causes

Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)

When a blood clot occurs in your limb (DVT), it:

blocks blood flow, making it harder for blood to drain out of the limb
damages your veins and valves

This causes blood to pool in the limb and pressure to build up. Over time, this leads to pain, swelling and other symptoms associated with PTS.

PTS affects 30-50% of DVT survivors within the first 5 years of diagnosis.

Symptoms

Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)

The symptoms of PTS can vary in severity and differ between patients.

Common symptoms include:

aching, cramping, fatigue or a feeling of heaviness in the affected limb
itching, tingling or pins and needles sensations
swelling in the affected limb
discolouration and/or hardening of the skin
varicose veins
venous ulcers may develop in severe cases

Some people notice their symptoms in the evening after standing or sitting for a long time.

A diagnosis of PTS can also have an impact on your mental and emotional wellbeing.

If you have experienced PTS, it is normal to experience anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after your diagnosis. If you are having any of these feelings, it is important to speak to your doctor for advice.

You may not be sure if your symptoms are the symptoms of PTS. Always talk to your doctor about any symptoms you are having.

Diagnosis

Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)

To diagnose PTS, your doctor will examine you and ask you about your symptoms.

An ultrasound is commonly used to assess how the blood is flowing in the affected limb and check for any issues.

Treatment

Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)

It is often hard to prevent PTS. But you can manage your symptoms by:

regular physical activity
wearing European Class II compression stockings
moisturising the skin on the affected limb
staying well hydrated
taking pain medication (as advised by your healthcare provider)

If conservative treatment is not working or, if you develop a venous leg ulcer, your doctor may refer you to a specialist or suggest a surgical intervention.

Prevention